Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Proposed diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated colitis.
- Figure 2
Histologic features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis. High-resolution images of the colon showing normal histopathology (A), and colonic mucosa with intraepithelial lymphocytosis and occasional apoptosis in crypt epithelium (B) (hematoxylin and eosin, × 200).
Tables
- TABLE 1
Colitis with common immune checkpoint inhibitors: Incidence of diarrhea and colitis, and time to onset
Immune check-point inhibitor Diarrhea (%) Colitis (%) Time to onset of colitis Ipilimumab 25.7%–30% 7.7%–11.6% 6–7 weeks Nivolumab 11%–16% 0.5%–1.1% 6–18 weeks Pembrolizumab 1.2%–8% 1%–2% 6–18 weeks Atezolizumab 2% 0.5% 6–18 weeks - TABLE 2
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis: Common endoscopic and histologic features
Endoscopic features Edema Erythema Friability Loss of vascular pattern Granularity of mucosa “Skip” or continuous inflammation Spontaneous bleeding Deep or “punched-out” ulceration Histologic features Erosion and ulcers Cryptitis and crypt abscess Crypt distortion Prominent crypt apoptosis Intraepithelial lymphocytosis Infiltration of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria Intranuclear inclusion bodies (concurrent cytomegalovirus) Rare transmural inflammation Noncaseating granulomas
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