The Clinical Picture

Dancing sternal wires: A radiologic sign of sternal dehiscence

Mohamed M. Gad, MD and Amit Gupta, MD
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine February 2019, 86 (2) 87-88; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.86a.18091

A 52-year-old man underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, which was complicated by cardiac tamponade requiring repeat sternotomy with mediastinal washout (Figure 1). On postoperative day 4, plain imaging revealed a midline sternal lucency and a slight leftward deviation of the second-from-the-lowest sternal wire (Figure 2), subtle signs suggesting sternal dehiscence. Those signs were missed initially, as no clinical signs of dehiscence were evident.

Figure 1
Figure 1

Radiography immediately after surgery showed cardiac tamponade, which led to repeat sternotomy with mediastinal washout.

Figure 2
Figure 2

On postoperative day 4, midline sternal lucency and a slight leftward deviation of the second- from-the-lowest sternal wire (arrow)—early signs of dehiscence—resulted in mild loss of alignment.

The next day, routine radiography showed widely separated sternal wires (Figure 3), indicating significant progression of sternal dehiscence. The patient subsequently underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the sternum.

Figure 3
Figure 3

On postoperative day 5, the widely separated sternal wires indicated advanced sternal dehiscence.

STERNAL DEHISCENCE

Sternal dehiscence is a rare but serious complication of sternotomy.1 In most cases of dehiscence, the sternal wires malfunction, leading to separation of sternal fragments. Lack of proper alignment of the sternum impairs bone healing, and the loose fragments of bone and wire pose a danger of puncturing the heart, making sternal dehiscence a surgical emergency.2

Physical examination may reveal tenderness to palpation, but findings that are more characteristic are an audible click and rocking of the sternum with coughing or forced chest movements.3

Plain chest radiography can clearly show early signs of sternal dehiscence; however, physicians rarely scrutinize the films for wire placement. Subtle signs include loss of sternal alignment with shifting of the segments and central sternal lucency. Gross signs start to appear when 2 or more wires are displaced; these signs are dramatic and rarely missed.

Loss of alignment and central sternal lucency are the earliest radiographic signs of dehiscence. Awareness of early subtle signs can lead to prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent progression to gross sternal dehiscence.

REFERENCES

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