Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1
Pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome and other common associated clinical findings.
- FIGURE 2
Kidney biopsy showing lobular glomeruli (hematoxylin and eosin, × 40).
- FIGURE 3
Kidney biopsy showing glomerular basement membranes with double contours (“tram tracking”) (silver stain, × 40).
Tables
Test 4 months before admission 2 weeks before admission 3 days before admission Creatinine (mg/dL) 1.6 2.4 3.1 Blood urea 38 41 44 nitrogen (mg/dL) Test Value Reference range Blood Sodium 140 mmol/L 135–146 Potassium 4.6 mmol/L 3.5–5.0 Chloride 119 mmol/L 98–110 Blood urea nitrogen 50 mg/dL 10–25 Creatinine 3.6 mg/dL 0.7–1.4 Bicarbonate 18 mmol/L 23–32 Calcium 7.6 mg/dL 8.5–10.5 Alkaline phosphatase 107 IU/L 40–150 Total bilirubin 0.3 mg/dL 0–1.5 Direct bilirubin 0.2 mg/dL 0–0.4 Albumin 1.5 g/dL 3.5–5.0 Globulins 4.0 g/dL Aspartate aminotransferase 16 IU/L 7–40 Alanine aminotransferase 29 IU/L 5–50 International normalized ratio 1.2 0.8–1.2 Urine Sodium 28 mmol/L 14–216 Urea 411 mmol/L 140–1500 Spot creatinine 190 20–300 Spot protein 360 0–20 Spot protein–creatinine ratio 1.9 < 0.2 Fractional excretion of sodium 0.4% Fractional excretion of urea 15.6% Specific gravity 1.017 1.005–1.030 pH 6.0 4.5–8.0 White blood cell count 450/HPF 0–5 Red blood cell count 6/HPF 0–5 Protein 100 mg/dL 0–20 Ascitic fluid White blood cell count 28/HPF Polymorphonuclear neutrophils 7/HPF HPF = high-power field
Test Result Reference value Serum cryoglobulins Negative Negative Rheumatoid factor Negative Negative Complement C3 53.4 mg/dL 82–185 Complement C4 17.0 mg/dL 15–53
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