Anxiety and Depression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Recognition and Management

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FIGURE 1
Recommendations for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms in patients with COPD⁷⁶

TABLE 1

PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 screening questionnaires for depression^6,67

PHQ-2	In the past month, have you been bothered a lot by:
	1. Little interest or pleasure in doing thingsƒ
	2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopelessƒ
PHQ-9	Over the past 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems (not at all, for several days, for more than half the days, or nearly every day)ƒ
	1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things
	2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless
	3. Trouble falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much
	4. Feeling tired or having little energy
	5. Poor appetite or overeating
	6. Feeling bad about yourself – or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down
	7. Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television
	8. Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticedƒ Or the opposite – being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual
	9. Thoughts that you would be better off dead or hurting yourself in some way

TABLE 2

PHQ-3 screening questionnaire for anxiety^6,67

PHQ-3	In the past month, have you been bothered a lot by:
	1. ‘Nerves,’ or feeling anxious or ‘on edge’ƒ
	2. Worrying about a lot of different thingsƒ
	During the past month:
	3. Have you had an anxiety attack (ie, suddenly feeling fear or panic)ƒ

Reprinted from Chest,134(4 Suppl):43S–56S. Maurer J, Rebbapragada V, Borson S, et al. ACCP Workshop Panel on Anxiety and Depression in COPD. Anxiety and depression in COPD: current understanding, unanswered questions, and research needs. Copyright 2008, with permission from Elsevier.