Commentary

Calcium and vitamin D: To supplement or not?

Ian R. Reid, MD
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine September 2018, 85 (9) 693-698; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.85a.18026

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Figure 1
    Figure 1

    Absolute change in total body bone mineral content (BMC) over 5 years in normal postmenopausal women, as a function of each woman’s average calcium intake assessed at baseline and at year 5. The lines show the regression (with 95% confidence intervals) for this relationship (P = .53).

    Reid IR, Bristow SM, Bolland MJ. Calcium supplements: benefits and risks. J Intern Med 2015; 278(4):354–368. Copyright 2015, The Association for the Publication of the Journal of Internal Medicine.

  • Figure 2
    Figure 2

    Effect of calcium supplements on cardiovascular events, with or without vitamin D. Data for 28,072 participants in 8 trials of calcium supplements with trial-level data, plus data for Women’s Health Initiative CaD study participants not taking calcium supplements at baseline.

    Bolland MJ, Grey A, Avenell A, Gamble GD, Reid IR. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women’s Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011; 342:d2040.

  • Figure 3
    Figure 3

    Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) from baseline to 2 years in the vitamin D and placebo groups of the Vitamin D Assessment study, according to baseline serum 25(OH)D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) concentrations. Data are mean ± 95% confidence intervals. P values are shown for between-group comparisons.

    Reid IR, Horne AM, Mihov B, et al. Effect of monthly high-dose vitamin D on bone density in community-dwelling older adults substudy of a randomized controlled trial. J Intern Med 2017; 282(5):452–460. Copyright 2017, The Association for the Publication of the Journal of Internal Medicine.

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