Preventive Care

Given the wide availability of direct-to-consumer laboratory testing, it is reasonable to ask whether a working knowledge of xanthomas still matters for trainees and clinicians.

The patient had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, with a fasting serum triglyceride level of 9,000 mg/dL.

Vaccination recently was hailed as one of the top 10 public health achievements of the 20th century; now, the World Health Organization lists vaccine hesitancy among the top 10 threats to global health.

Clinicians should screen for tobacco use and follow-up with pregnancy-specific messaging during each visit, building on any motivation the patient has to quit.

Any patient has the right to undergo blood testing for PFAS, but the limitations of testing must be discussed with the patient.

Further investigation is needed when patients do not meet their target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with statin therapy alone.

Because people living with HIV develop coronary artery disease much earlier than the general population, careful attention must be given to assessment and management of their cardiovascular risk.

The already higher cardiovascular risk in people living with HIV is exacerbated by social determinants of health such as socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and systemic discrimination. Interventions that address this risk must be based in medical science and equity.

The authors review the burden, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of influenza, COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus infection.