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Pelvic disease (tubal disease, fibroids, endometriosis) Male factor Disorders of ovulation Female reproductive aging Idiopathic Postcoital testing Routine laparoscopy or hysteroscopy for unexplained infertility Endometrial biopsy for endometrial dating Prolactin, unless in cases of anovulation or oligo-ovulation Advanced sperm function testing Thrombophilia or immunologic testing Parental karyotyping Parameter Lower reference value Ejaculate volume 1.5 mL pH 7.2 Sperm concentration 15 million/mL Total sperm number 39 million sperm per ejaculate Percent motility 40% Forward progression 32% Sperm morphology (% normal forms by Kruger strict criteria) 4% Information from reference 33.
Polycystic ovary syndrome Hypothalamic amenorrhea due to extreme nutritional, emotional, or physical stressors Menopause Hyperprolactinemia Thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism)
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- Article
- ABSTRACT
- MANY PATIENTS SEEK INFORMATION
- FAILURE TO CONCEIVE AFTER 1 YEAR
- AN EMOTIONAL ISSUE
- LOOK FOR CLUES
- QUESTIONS OFTEN ASKED BY COUPLES TRYING TO CONCEIVE
- A PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING THE INFERTILE COUPLE
- OVARIAN RESERVE TESTING AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE AGING
- FEMALE PERITONEAL AND STRUCTURAL CAUSES
- MALE FACTOR INFERTILITY
- ANOVULATION
- REFERENCES
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