Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Friedman palate positions (classes 1, 2, 3, and 4).
- Figure 2
Polysomnogram excerpts with normal sleep, obstructive apnea, obstructive hypopnea, and respiratory event-related arousal waveform findings.
- Figure 3
A hypnogram depicts the recorded levels of sleep over time.
- Figure 4
Apneas can be obstructive, mixed, or central.
Tables
Sleep Daytime Snoring Excessive sleepiness Gasping Fatigue Snorting Morning headaches Not breathing Memory or concentration issues Fragmented sleep Mood disturbances or irritability Sleep maintenance insomnia (inability to stay asleep or waking and not returning to sleep) Decreased libido Nocturia Bedwetting Night sweats Data from reference 5.
• Sleep history • Epworth Sleepiness Scale • Upper airway examination • STOP-BANG Parameter Lead(s) Heart rate and rhythm (EKG/ECG) EKG2 Brain waves (EEG) F3-M2, F4-M1, C3-M2, C4-M1, O1-M2, O2-M2 Eye movement (EOG) E1-M2 and E2-M1 Awake/asleep, REM sleep, chin and leg movement (EMG) CHIN1, R-LEG, L-LEG Nasal-oral airflow NASAL-TRANS, AIRFLOW Thoraco-abdominal effort CHEST, ABDOMEN Oxygen saturation SAO2 Snore SNORE Body position SUPINE (watermark) EEG = electroencephalogram; EKG/ECG = electrocardiogram; EMG = electromyogram; EOG = electrooculography; REM = rapid eye movement
Polysomnogram or home sleep apnea test reveals • ≥ 15 predominantly obstructive respiratory events per hour of sleep OR • ≥ 5 predominantly obstructive respiratory events per hour of sleep and at least 1 of following: – Daytime sleepiness, nonrestorative sleep, fatigue, or insomnia – Waking with breath holding, gasping, or choking – Observed loud snoring, breathing interruption, or both – Hypertension, mood disorder, cognitive dysfunction, ischemic heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or diabetes type 2 Data from reference 28.
Index Calculation Apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) 
Respiratory disturbance index
Respiratory event index
Respiratory event index is typically used for home sleep apnea testing as it is based on monitoring time as distinct from actual sleep time.
