Article Figures & Data
Tables
Frailty severity rating Description Dementia severity 1. Very fit Robust, active, energetic, and motivated; exercise regularly; “fittest for their age” 2. Well No active disease symptoms; less fit than category 1;often exercise or are very active occasionally (eg, seasonally) 3. Managing well Medical problems are well controlled; not regularly active beyond routine walking 4. Vulnerable Not dependent on others for daily help, but symptoms often limit activities (eg, “slowed up,” tired during the day) 5. Mildly frail Need help in high-order instrumental activities of daily living (finances, transportation, heavy housework, medications) with progressive impairment in shopping, meal preparation, and housework. Mild dementia 6. Moderately frail Need help with all outside activities, keeping house and may have problems with stairs Basic activity of daily living impairment—may need help with bathing, dressing (cuing, standing by) Moderate dementia 7. Severely frail Completely dependent for personal care (physical or cognitive impairments); stable and not at high risk of dying within about 6 months Severe dementia 8. Very severely frail Completely dependent, approaching the end of life; difficulty recovering from a minor illness Severe advanced dementia 9. Terminally ill Approaching the end of life; life expectancy < 6 months who are not otherwise evidently frail Severe end-stage dementia Data from reference 39
Increasing age Baseline presence of cognitive impairment or dementia Increasing functional impairment Higher frailty status Increasing comorbidities Higher acute illness severity Longer hospital length of stay Intensive care unit admission Bed rest during hospitalization Dietary restrictions, malnutrition Delirium