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Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic Influenza 2009 pandemic Causative virus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Influenza A (H1N1) Mode of transmission Respiratory droplets most common, but contact with surfaces contaminated with viral particles and airborne routes are possible Prevalence 0.11% 25% Number of secondary transmissions from 1 infected person 2.5 1.7 Incubation period (days) 2–14 2 Interval from symptom onset to maximum infectivity (days) 0 2 Duration of infectivity after onset of illness (days) 8–10 5–7 Typical course of illness Gradual onset, then sudden escalation in severity, then recovery within 2 weeks in those with mild or moderate illness, and 3–6 weeks in those with severe illness Sudden onset of acute illness, which lasts 2–5 days, followed by milder symptoms that can last for several weeks Typical clinical presentation Fever, headache, myalgia, malaise, and dry cough; less commonly, vomiting and diarrhea Unique manifestations Sudden loss of smell or taste None Asymptomatic or presymptomatic 30%–40% 20% Illness requiring hospitalization 20% 5%–10% Illness requiring intensive care 1/16,000 1/104,000 Complications Respiratory failure, myocarditis, encephalitis, myositis, multi-organ failure, and secondary bacterial pneumonia Case fatality rate 0.5%–1% 0.02%–0.05% Antiviral therapy Intravenous remdesivir (investigational) Oral oseltamivir, inhaled zanamivir, intravenous peramivir, and oral baloxavir Dexamethasone therapy Only if hypoxic Not recommended Convalescent plasma therapy Investigational, only for severe cases Preventive measures other than vaccine Social distancing, hand hygiene, face masks, isolation and contact tracing of confirmed cases, and quarantine of those exposed Preventive vaccine In development; now 6 months into the pandemic Was developed and approved within 5 months Pandemic duration Ongoing; 8 months so far 15 months
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