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Commentary

The constellation of vitamin D, the acute-phase response, and inflammation

Maria J. Antonelli, MD, Irving Kushner, MD and Murray Epstein, MD, FASN, FACP
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine February 2023, 90 (2) 85-89; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.90a.22048
Maria J. Antonelli
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Irving Kushner
Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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Murray Epstein
Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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    Figure 1

    Examples of positive and negative acute-phase reactants.

    Based on information in reference 30.

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    TABLE 1

    Recommendations for deficiency and inadequacy of 25-hydroxyvitamin D

    Endocrine Society3
    Deficiency< 20 ng/mL (< 50 nmol/L)
    Insufficiency21–29 ng/mL (52.5–72.5 nmol/L)
    Sufficiency30–100 ng/mL (75–250 nmol/L)
    Institute of Medicine4
    At risk for deficiency< 12 ng/mL (< 30 nmol/L)
    At risk of inadequacy12–19 ng/mL (30–49 nmol/L)
    Sufficiency20–50 ng/mL (50–125 nmol/L)
    Concentration of possible concern> 50 ng/mL (> 125 nmol/L)
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Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine: 90 (2)
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Vol. 90, Issue 2
1 Feb 2023
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The constellation of vitamin D, the acute-phase response, and inflammation
Maria J. Antonelli, Irving Kushner, Murray Epstein
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Feb 2023, 90 (2) 85-89; DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.90a.22048

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The constellation of vitamin D, the acute-phase response, and inflammation
Maria J. Antonelli, Irving Kushner, Murray Epstein
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Feb 2023, 90 (2) 85-89; DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.90a.22048
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  • Article
    • UNCERTAINTY OF EVALUATING VITAMIN D STATUS
    • IS VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY OR INSUFFICIENCY TRULY A PANDEMIC?
    • THE CASE FOR VITAMIN D AS A NEGATIVE ACUTE-PHASE REACTANT
    • THE ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE
    • WHAT IS MEANT BY INFLAMMATION?
    • LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION
    • WHY SO MUCH INTEREST IN VITAMIN D?
    • THE SOCIETAL COST OF TOO MUCH CURIOSITY ABOUT VITAMIN D
    • WHEN SHOULD WE RECOMMEND VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION?
    • THE NEXUS OF INFLAMMATION AND VITAMIN D: WHAT A MESS!
    • DISCLOSURES
    • Acknowledgment
    • REFERENCES
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