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Article

Preconditioning paradigms and pathways in the brain

Karl B. Shpargel, Walid Jalabi, PhD, Yongming Jin, Alisher Dadabayev, MD, Marc S. Penn, MD, PhD and Bruce D. Trapp, PhD
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine March 2008, 75 (3 suppl 2) S77-S82;
Karl B. Shpargel
Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Walid Jalabi
Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Yongming Jin
Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Alisher Dadabayev
Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Marc S. Penn
Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, and Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; and Director, Bakken Heart-Brain Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Bruce D. Trapp
Chairman, Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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ABSTRACT

Preconditioning is a phenomenon in which the brain protects itself against future injury by adapting to low doses of noxious insults. Preconditioning stimuli include ischemia, low doses of endotoxin, hypoxia, hypothermia and hyperthermia, cortical spreading depression, anesthetics, and 3-nitropropionic acid, among others. Understanding of the mechanisms underlying preconditioning has been elusive, but NMDA receptor activation, nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines, and suppression of the innate immune system appear to have a role. Elucidation of the endogenous cell survival pathways involved in preconditioning has significant clinical implications for preventing neuronal damage in susceptible patients.

  • © 2008 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All Rights Reserved.
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Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine: 75 (3 suppl 2)
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Vol. 75, Issue 3 suppl 2
1 Mar 2008
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Preconditioning paradigms and pathways in the brain
Karl B. Shpargel, Walid Jalabi, Yongming Jin, Alisher Dadabayev, Marc S. Penn, Bruce D. Trapp
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Mar 2008, 75 (3 suppl 2) S77-S82;

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Preconditioning paradigms and pathways in the brain
Karl B. Shpargel, Walid Jalabi, Yongming Jin, Alisher Dadabayev, Marc S. Penn, Bruce D. Trapp
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Mar 2008, 75 (3 suppl 2) S77-S82;
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