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Review

Pseudomembranous colitis: Not always Clostridium difficile

Derek M. Tang, MD, Nathalie H. Urrunaga, MD, MS and Erik C. Von Rosenvinge, MD
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine May 2016, 83 (5) 361-366; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.83a.14183
Derek M. Tang
Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institut of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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  • For correspondence: tangdm@mail
Nathalie H. Urrunaga
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Erik C. Von Rosenvinge
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    FIGURE 1

    Pseudomembranes (arrow) seen on flexible sigmoidoscopy in a patient with Clostridium difficile infection.

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    TABLE 1

    Conditions associated with pseudomembranous colitis

    Chemicals and illicit drugs
    Cocaine
    Glutaraldehyde
    Medications
    Cisplatin
    Cyclosporine A
    Docetaxel
    5-Fluorouracil
    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (diclofenac, indomethacin)
    Infections
    Clostridium difficile
    Clostridium ramosum
    Cytomegalovirus
    Entamoeba histolytica
    Escherichia coli O157:H7
    Klebsiella oxytoca
    Plesiomonas shigelloides
    Salmonella species
    Schistosoma mansoni
    Shigella species
    Staphylococcus aureus
    Strongyloides stercoralis
    Inflammatory conditions
    Behçet disease
    Collagenous colitis
    Inflammatory bowel disease
    Ischemic colitis
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Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine: 83 (5)
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Vol. 83, Issue 5
1 May 2016
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Pseudomembranous colitis: Not always Clostridium difficile
Derek M. Tang, Nathalie H. Urrunaga, Erik C. Von Rosenvinge
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine May 2016, 83 (5) 361-366; DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.83a.14183

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Pseudomembranous colitis: Not always Clostridium difficile
Derek M. Tang, Nathalie H. Urrunaga, Erik C. Von Rosenvinge
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine May 2016, 83 (5) 361-366; DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.83a.14183
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  • Article
    • ABSTRACT
    • PSEUDOMEMBRANES ARE NONSPECIFIC
    • CAUSES OF NON-C DIFFICILE PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS
    • INITIAL EVALUATION
    • ENDOSCOPIC EVALUATION
    • MICROSCOPIC EVALUATION
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  • C. difficile may be overdiagnosed in adults and is a prevalent commensal in infants
  • Modifications visibles des muqueuses dues a une colite pseudomembraneuse chez un patient ayant une colostomie sigmoidienne
  • Visible mucosal changes of pseudomembranous colitis in a sigmoid colostomy
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