Medical Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Mario Skugor

doi:10.3949/ccjm.84.s1.07

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TABLE 1

Glycemic treatments by therapeutic category

Insulin sensitizers
Biguanide: metfomin (Fortamet, Glucophage, Glumetza, Riomet)
Thiazolidinedione: pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia)

Insulin secretagogues
Sulfonylureas: chlorpropamide (Diabinese), glimepiride (Amaryl), glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide (Micronase, Glynase)
Glinides: repaglinide (Prandin), nateglinide (Starlix)

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), voglibose

Incretin-based therapies
Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists: albiglutide (Tanzeum), dulaglutide (Trulicity), exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta), liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza), lixisenatide (Adlyxin)
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: alogliptin (Nesina), linagliptin (Tradjenta), saxagliptin (Onglyza), sitagliptin (Januvia)

Sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors
Canagliflozin (Invokana), dapagliflozin (Farxiga), empagliflozin (Jardiance)

Amylinomimetic
Pramlintide (SymlinPen 120, SymlinPen 60)

Dopamine agonist
Bromocriptine (Cycloset)

Insulin
Rapid-acting
Aspart insulin (Novolog)
Glulisine insulin (Apidra)
Lispro insulin (Humalog)
Short-acting
Regular insulin (HumuLIN R, HumuLIN R U-500 KwikPen,
NovoLIN R, NovoLIN R ReliOn)
Intermediate-acting
Isophane insulin, NPH insulin (Humulin N, Novolin N)
Long-acting
Detemir insulin (Levemir)
Glargine insulin (Basaglar KwikPen, Lantus, Lantus SoloStar, Toujeo SoloStar)
Degludec insulin (Tresiba)
Premixed
Several types intermediate-acting and short-acting insulin combined are available