Review

Approach to asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation

Siamak Moghadam-Kia, MD, Chester V. Oddis, MD and Rohit Aggarwal, MD, MS
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine January 2016, 83 (1) 37-42; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.83a.14120

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Tables

  • TABLE 1

    Nonneuromuscular disorders that can cause elevated creatine kinase

    Endocrine disorders
    Hyperthyroidism (rare)
    Hypothyroidism
    Hyperparathyroidism
    Acromegaly
    Cushing syndrome
    Metabolic disturbances
    Hyponatremia
    Hypokalemia
    Hypophosphatemia
    Muscle trauma
    Strenuous exercise
    Intramuscular injections
    Needle electromyography
    Seizures
    Medications
    Statins
    Fibrates
    Antiretrovirals
    Beta-blockers
    Clozapine
    Angiotensin II receptor blockers
    Hydroxychloroquine
    Isotretinoin
    Colchicine
    Others
    Celiac disease
    Malignancy
    Macro CK
    Surgery
    Pregnancy
    Cardiac disease
    Acute kidney disease
    Viral illness
    Predisposition to malignant hyperthermia
  • TABLE 2

    Occult or latent neuromuscular disorders causing elevated creatine kinase

    Muscle dystrophies
    Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies
    Dystrophin mutations in female carriers
    Limb girdle
    Myofibrillar myopathy
    Desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy
    Myotonic dystrophy
    Metabolic and mitochondrial disorders of muscle
    Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
    McArdle disease
    Myoadenylate deaminase deficiency
    Mitochondrial myopathies
    Pompe disease (acid maltase deficiency)
    Inflammatory myopathies
    Hypomyopathic dermatomyositis
    Inclusion body myositis
    Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis
    Antisynthetase syndrome
    Others
    Familial elevated creatine kinase
    Sarcoid myopathy
    Motor neuron diseases
    Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
    Other congenital diseases
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