An 86-year-old man with unexplained right-sided headache and vision loss

The anatomy of the orbital apex, the most posterior aspect of the orbit. The unilateral cranial nerve (CN) deficits in this patient point to disruption of structures of the orbital apex including the optic, oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves. The optic foramen contains the optic nerve, ophthalmic artery, and associated sympathetic nerves. The nasociliary, frontal, and lacrimal branches of the ophthalmic nerve, superior ophthalmic vein, and cranial nerves III, IV, and VI pass through the superior orbital fissure.