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Review

Vitamin D supplementation: Pearls for practicing clinicians

Susan E. Williams, MS, RD, MD, CCD, FACE, FAND
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine March 2022, 89 (3) 154-160; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.89a.21021
Susan E. Williams
Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Associate Professor of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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ABSTRACT

Vitamin D supplementation is common in the United States, with about one-fifth of the adult population taking a daily supplement in one form or another. Although the detrimental effects of insufficient sun exposure in childhood was established centuries ago, the beneficial effects of vitamin D sufficiency have only recently been established, given the myriad investigations associating vitamin D deficiency with numerous chronic diseases. But it is far less clear precisely how to replete low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels, how long treatment should be continued, if there are potential hazards in doing so, and how to assess and counsel patients regarding the use of vitamin D. This article provides a brief historical review, examines how to assess and counsel patients on the use of vitamin D, presents scenarios that clinicians are likely to encounter, and reviews the literature on recommendations for vitamin D supplementation.

  • Copyright © 2022 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All Rights Reserved.
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  1. 7587-susan-williamsSusan E. Williams, MS, RD, MD, CCD, FACE, FAND⇑
  1. Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Associate Professor of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
  1. Address:
    Susan E. Williams, MS, RD, MD, CDE, FACE, FAND, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, F20, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; willias9{at}ccf.org

ABSTRACT

Vitamin D supplementation is common in the United States, with about one-fifth of the adult population taking a daily supplement in one form or another. Although the detrimental effects of insufficient sun exposure in childhood was established centuries ago, the beneficial effects of vitamin D sufficiency have only recently been established, given the myriad investigations associating vitamin D deficiency with numerous chronic diseases. But it is far less clear precisely how to replete low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels, how long treatment should be continued, if there are potential hazards in doing so, and how to assess and counsel patients regarding the use of vitamin D. This article provides a brief historical review, examines how to assess and counsel patients on the use of vitamin D, presents scenarios that clinicians are likely to encounter, and reviews the literature on recommendations for vitamin D supplementation.

  • Copyright © 2022 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All Rights Reserved.
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Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine: 89 (3)
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
Vol. 89, Issue 3
1 Mar 2022
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Vitamin D supplementation: Pearls for practicing clinicians
Susan E. Williams
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Mar 2022, 89 (3) 154-160; DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.89a.21021

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Vitamin D supplementation: Pearls for practicing clinicians
Susan E. Williams
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Mar 2022, 89 (3) 154-160; DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.89a.21021
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  • Article
    • ABSTRACT
    • VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND CURRENT RECOMMENDATIONS
    • HOW TO REPLACE VITAMIN D
    • CLINICAL SCENARIO 1: VITAMIN D2 OR D3?
    • CLINICAL SCENARIO 2: PHOTOTHERAPY TO COUNTER MALABSORPTION?
    • CLINICAL SCENARIO 3: VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY WITH HYPERCALCEMIA
    • CLOSING THOUGHTS
    • DISCLOSURES
    • REFERENCES
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