Endocrinology
- We can learn a lot from drug adverse effects
No one likes adverse effects, but they can teach us important things about human biology.
- What can we do about musculoskeletal pain from bisphosphonates?
The authors recommend acetaminophen before infusions, and acetaminophen or NSAIDs if an acute-phase reaction occurs.
- Calcium and vitamin D: To supplement or not?
Current evidence suggests little reason to prescribe calcium, and vitamin D should be for patients with low levels.
- Diabetes and pregnancy: Risks and opportunities
Internists can reduce the risks by optimizing glycemic control before conception and providing effective counseling.
- Phosphorus binders: The new and the old, and how to choose
The pathophysiology and control of hyperphosphatemia in kidney disease, focusing on phosphorus binders.
- Phosphorus in kidney disease: Culprit or bystander?
As kidney function declines, phosphorus accumulates, but the process is complex.
- How well do we understand calcium and vitamin D?
I do not believe we truly understand the ideal amount of dietary and supplemental calcium or vitamin D for a given patient.
- Osmotic demyelination syndrome due to hyperosmolar hyperglycemia
Rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia can trigger this rare but life-threatening disorder.
- Optimizing calcium and vitamin D intake through diet and supplements
Set modest calcium targets, maximize dietary intake, and make up the defi cit with calcium citrate.
- Reverse T3 or perverse T3? Still puzzling after 40 years
Few situations require measuring reverse T3; diagnosis of euthyroid sick syndrome may be one of them.